Virtual focus groups in qualitative research

an experience report on their potential and limitations

Abstract

Objective: To describe the experience of virtual focus groups as a data collection technique in a doctoral-level study, and to characterize their potential and limitations. Method: This is an experience report, written based on the experience of researchers responsible for synchronous virtual focus groups, conducted between October and December 2023. A guiding document based on the literature and the researchers' expertise was used, in addition to observation and field notes. The groups were audio-recorded, and the experience was described based on an investigation carried out with graduate students (stricto sensu) engaged in professional activities concurrent with their studies, linked to a Brazilian public higher education institution whose postgraduate program falls within the scope of health. Results: 67 people participated, distributed in 12 focus groups, organized in three stages: 1st stage: awareness-raising, selection and setup; 2nd stage: organization and preparation of the environment; 3rd stage: conducting and analyzing the information obtained. The Google Meet platform was used for the meetings. Creating a comfortable environment for participants is essential, as is a quality internet connection to avoid instability. Furthermore, remote focus groups allow the participation of individuals from different locations, facilitating the sharing of experiences and reflections on the discussed topic, which also culminates in a therapeutic environment. Limitations include: unstable connections, handling technology, compromised visual observation and field diary when cameras are deactivated, and data security. Conclusion: Conducting remote focus groups proved practical and effective, and is considered a tool with high potential for acquiring data for research in the areas of health and humanities.